This Day in History (June 13)

Date: 12 June 2018 - 21:38

News ID: ۵۳۹۲۷

Today is Wednesday; 23rd of the Iranian month of Khordad 1397 solar hijri; corresponding to 28th of the Islamic month of Ramadhan 1439 lunar hijri; and June 13, 2018, of the Christian Gregorian Calendar.
1167 lunar years ago, on this day in 272 AH, the prominent Iranian-Islamic astronomer, philosopher and hadith scholar, Abu Mash’ar Ja'far ibn Mohammad al-Balkhi, passed away in Waset, Iraq, at the ripe old age of 102. Born in Khorasan in the city of Balkh, which is presently in Afghanistan, he flourished at the Abbasid court in Baghdad as the greatest astronomer of the era and the subsequent centuries. He wrote a number of practical manuals on astrology that profoundly influenced Muslim intellectual history, and through Latin translations of his works, left a profound impact on Western Europe and Byzantium. He was well versed in Persian, Arabic, Greek and Sanskrit languages, and according to the famous Persian poet of the subcontinent, Amir Khosro Dehlavi, he came to Benares in India to study astronomy. Abu Ma'shar, who was Latinized by medieval Europe as Albumasar, Albusar, or Albuxar, wrote several books including "Kitab al-Mudkhal al-Kabir ila Ilm Ahkaam an-Nujjum", "Kitab al-Milal wa’l-Duwal" and "Kitab Ta?awil Sini al-Mawalid” (Book of the Revolutions of the Years of Nativities). These and other works were translated into Latin and Greek and had profound effect on western philosophers and scientists such as Albert, Roger Bacon, Pierre d'Ailly, and Pico Della Mirandola.
982 solar years ago, on this day in 1036 AD, Ali az-Zaher, the 7th self-styled caliph of the Ismaili Shi’ite Muslim Fatemid Dynasty of Egypt, North Africa-Syria, died at the age of 31 due to a plague after a 15-year reign. Son of al-Hakim be-Amrillah, his youth and weakness allowed the Turkic slave guards to seize the vizierate, as a result of which the Empire slipped into decadence, although the bid of the Byzantine Christian Empire to encroach upon Syria and Aleppo was thwarted.
693 solar years ago, on this day in 1325 AD, the famous Muslim worldwide traveler, Shams od-Din Mohammad bin Abdullah, popularly known as Ibn Battuta, began his journey, leaving his home in Tangiers for the Hajj pilgrimage to holy Mecca at the age of 24. Born in the northwest African city of Tangiers, which is now in Morocco, after performing the Hajj, he kept on travelling, visiting over a period of thirty years, most of the Islamic world as well as many non-Muslim lands in the three continents of Africa, Asia and Europe. His journeys including trips to North Africa, the Horn of Africa, West Africa, Southern Europe and Eastern Europe in the West, and to West Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia and China, cover a total of 121,000 km, surpassing by threefold the travels of his near-contemporary Marco Polo of Venice. In Iraq, he visited the holy shrine in Najaf of the Commander of the Faithful, Imam Ali ibn Abi Taleb (AS), and although a Sunni, he has admitted how people from far and near are cured of their ailments on seeking intercession with God through the First Infallible Heir of Prophet Mohammad (SAWA). He then travelled all over Iran, and after visiting the Byzantine Empire, Europe and Russia, he arrived in India, where he was appointed the Qazi of Delhi by Sultan Mohammad bin Tughlaq. On his return to his homeland Morocco, he again served as Qazi. He dictated to scribes the details of his travels in his book titled "ar-Rehla". He died in 1369 in his homeland.
187 solar years ago, on this day in 1831 AD, Scottish physicist, Clerk Maxwell, was born. He showed that electrical, magnetic and optical phenomena were all united in a single universal force, electromagnetism, and formulated electromagnetic theory,
153 solar years ago, on this day in 1865 AD, poet and playwright, William Butler Yeats, was born to an Anglo-Irish family in a Dublin suburb. He is best remembered for his poems titled "Byzantium" and "Easter 1916." He won the Nobel Prize in 1923. The first volume of his autobiography was "Reveries over Childhood and Youth", published by him in 1915. "The Lake Isle of Innisfree" is his best known poem. He died in 1939.
112 solar years ago, on this day in 1906 AD, Sinn Fein was established in Ireland by prominent journalist, Arthur Griffith, as the political wing of the Irish Republican Army (IRA), for independence from British colonial rule. Sinn Fein’s efforts finally resulted in independence for Southern Ireland in 1921. The party, alongside IRA, continued its political struggle for unity of Northern and Southern Ireland. Finally, after two years of intense negotiations with the British regime and Protestant parties, the leaders of Sinn Fein signed a peace agreement with London on April 10, 1998, according to which Northern Ireland turned into an autonomous region.
126 solar years ago, on this day in 1892 AD, Grand Ayatollah Shaikh Zain ol-Abedin Mazandarani, passed away at the age of 80 in the holy city of Karbala, where he was based as the "Marja’” or Source of Emulation for Shi’a Muslims worldwide. Born in Babol in Mazandaran Province on the Caspian Sea, after preliminary studies in Iran, he left for Iraq for higher studies at the holy city of Karbala, and 8 years later he shifted to the famous Islamic seminary of holy Najaf to study under the celebrated Grand Ayatollah Sheikh Morteza Ansari Dezfuli. On attaining the status of "Ijtihad”, he returned to Karbala at the age of 37, where he lived until the end of his life, grooming students and writing books, which include "Dhakhirat-al-Ma’ad”, "Zinat-al-Ebaad”, and "Treatise on Hajj Rituals”. He always thought of the poor and the needy and strove to solve their problems. He was also very modest and was highly respected by the ulema and people. He was instrumental in enlightening a sizeable section of the Nizari Ismaili community of India with the rational beliefs of the "Ithna-Ash’ari” (Twelver) School during discussions in Karbala with a Khoja delegation that had come on pilgrimage. At his behest Mullah Qader Hussain returned to the Subcontinent espousing the Twelver Shi’ite creed. His preaching was instrumental in convincing several more Khoja families to leave Nizari Ismailism and become Twelvers.
97 solar years ago, on this day in 1921 AD, with the influx of the first batch of European Jews, the Palestinians launched their national movement against the Zionists. The British, along with Zionist terrorist bands, brutally suppressed the Palestinian people and continued to bring in hundreds of thousands of illegal Jewish migrants from various parts of Europe that resulted in the illegitimate birth of Israel in 1948.
87 lunar years ago, on this day in 1352 AH, the scholar Seyyed Mohammad Sharif Taqavi Vanaki, passed away at the age of 82, and was laid to rest in the Chehl Akhtaran Cemetery of holy Qom in the mausoleum of Imamzadah Musa al-Mubaraqqa – son of Imam Mohammad at-Taqi al-Jawad (AS), the 9th Infallible Heir of Prophet Mohammad (SAWA). Born in Vanak near Tehran, he initially studied under his scholarly father, before leaving for Isfahan at the age of 12, to pursue higher religious studies at what was then Iran’s prominent seminary. At the age of 17, he went to holy Najaf in Iraq, where he stayed for twelve years mastering different branches of Islamic sciences under prominent ulema, such as Ayatollah Shaikh Zayn al-Abedin Mazandarani, Ayatollah Fazel-e Irvani, Ayatollah Mirza Hassan Shirazi (famous for his fatwa against tobacco to save Iranian economy from British manipulation). On his return to Iran as a fully qualified mujtahed, he settled in Shiraz to teach at the Fars Seminary. He was active in the Constitutional Movement for end of Qajarid despotism, but following its infiltration by British agents and the martyrdom of Ayatollah Fazlollah Noori, he boldly campaigned for the implementation of Islamic laws, and wrote the famous book "Kashf al-Maraam fi Qanoun al-Islam”. When pressure mounted, he moved to holy Najaf where he briefed the prominent ulema about the deviation of the Constitutional Movement. Because of failing health, he returned to Iran and stayed in Isfahan for ten years. In Tehran, while on his way to holy Mashhad for pilgrimage to the shrine of the Prophet’s 8th Infallible Heir, Imam Reza (AS), he breathed his last.
77 solar years ago, on this day in 1941 AD, the Soviet Union, which had occupied the former Romanian province a year earlier, loaded 22,600 Moldovans on cargo trains bound for Siberia, where the deportees were used for forced labor.
74 solar years ago, on this day in 1944 AD, the first ever surface-to-surface missile was used in warfare, when Nazi Germany targeted Britain with its V-1. Until then, only warplanes would bomb enemy sites. Missiles were cheaper than aircraft and prevented loss of life and machines. In the aftermath of World War II, other countries developed missile technology and built today’s advanced intercontinental ballistic missiles.
40 lunar years ago, on this day in 1399 AH, Qods International Day rallies were held for the first time throughout Iran on the Last Friday of the fasting month of Ramadhan, following the decision taken four days earlier by the Father of the Islamic Revolution, Imam Khomeini (RA), for mobilizing world Muslims for liberation of Bayt al-Moqaddas and Palestine. Since then, every year, millions of people in Iran and world countries stage rallies calling for the end of the illegal Zionist entity.
38 solar years ago, on this day in 1980 AD, the Founder of Islamic Republic of Iran, Imam Khomeini (RA), ordered establishment of Cultural Revolution Headquarters for reformation of universities. The message called for plans to evaluate courses based on Islamic culture and values in order to develop Iran’s higher education system by removing influences of undesirable western values.
35 solar years ago, on this day in 1983 AD, Iran’s lady jurisprudent, mujtaheda, and exegete of the Holy Qur’an, Seyyedah Bano Nosrat Begum Amin, passed away in Isfahan at the age of 97. Daughter of Seyyed Mo?ammad Ali Amin at-Tujjar, she was married to her cousin, Mirza Moin at-Tujjar. Several ladies of her family were noted for their high degree of religious scholarship. Her aunt was the mujtaheda, Seyyedah Hashimiyah at-Tujjar, while her student and husband’s niece was the equally prominent, Seyyedah Iffat az-Zamaan Amin Iftekhar at-Tujjar. She groomed numerous lady students, including the famous Zeenat-as Sadaat Homayuni, the director for thirty years of Isfahan’s Women’s Seminary Maktab-e Fatemah. Bano Nosrat wrote several books such as the 15-volume exegesis of the Holy Qur’an titled "Makhzan al-Irfan” in Persian. She also authored for the moral uplifting of Iranian women the book "Ravesh Khoshbakhti va Towsiyeh beh Khaharan-e Imani” (Methods of Happiness and Prosperity for Sisters-in-Faith). Another of her excellent books is on the unsurpassed merits of the Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali (AS) titled "Makhzan al-La’ali fi Manaqeb Mawla-al-Mawali, Ali.” She was a staunch supporter of the Islamic Revolution and was held in deep respect by Imam Khomeini (RA).
11 solar years ago, on this day in 2007 AD, at around 9 a.m. local time, a sacrilegious bomb attack was carried out by agents of Global Arrogance at the holy shrine of al-Askariyayn at Samarra, resulting in the destruction of the two ten-story high gold-plated minarets, flanking the earlier destroyed golden dome. This was the second bombing of the holy shrine of Imam Ali al-Hadi (AS) and Imam Hassan al-Askari (AS) – the 10th and 11th Infallible Successors of Prophet Mohammad (SAWA). The first sacrilegious bomb attack had occurred in Samarra on 22nd February 2006, destroying the shrine’s magnificent golden dome. The terrorists were on the payroll of Saudi Arabia and the US. The holy shrine is now under construction on a grand scale.
8 solar years ago, on this day in 2010 AD, in the central Philippines a bus rented by Iranian medical students plunged into a ravine while travelling a mountain road, killing 21 people and injuring 26 others.
6 solar years ago, on this day in 2012 AD, Takfiri terrorists, backed by Saudi Arabia and the US, carried out a series of bombings in Shi’a Muslim areas across Iraq, including Baghdad, Hillah, Balad, Taji, and Kirkuk, martyring over a hundred men, women and children, and wounding over 400 others.
(Courtesy: IRIB English Radio – http://parstoday.com/en)