TEHRAN -- Monday marked the centennial of one of Iran’s darkest hours: the Allied invasion on September 3, 1941, a moment that forever altered the course of the nation’s modern history. 
Despite Iran’s declared neutrality in World War II, British forces advanced from the south, Soviet troops from the north, and soon after, American soldiers joined the occupation. 
The pretext: rooting out German spies allegedly embedded within Iranian borders. The reality, however, was a ruthless strategic gambit to control the Persian Corridor, a critical supply route funneling matériel to the Soviet Union as it battled the Nazi onslaught.
This invasion forced the abdication of Reza Shah Pahlavi and initiated five years of foreign military presence that extended into the early postwar period. Yet the political upheaval was only the surface of the tragedy.
The occupation devastated the country’s agricultural backbone, leading to widespread famine that claimed an estimated four million lives. Iranian farms and granaries were pillaged, not to feed the local population, but to provision the Allied armies and tens of thousands of Polish refugees fleeing the horrors of Nazi-occupied Europe.
Iran became the “Bridge of Victory” for the Allies—a vital artery through which weapons and food passed to the Soviet front lines. But the Iranian people, caught in the gears of this global conflict, bore the brutal consequences. 
Bread was scarce and rationed unevenly; Polish refugees received “white bread” while Iranian families struggled for even “black bread.” Disease ravaged the population.  
Typhus outbreaks among refugees were met not with aid but with neglect; vaccine shipments were withheld under baseless claims about Iranian hygiene, despite clear evidence that the disease had spread from the camps.
This grim chapter reveals a recurring pattern of imperial powers disregarding treaties and human cost in the name of control. The Allied invasion was more than a military campaign—it was a devastating rupture in Iran’s social fabric, one whose echoes are still felt today.
As the country reflects on the 100-year anniversary, it is vital to remember the human suffering behind the political narrative—a somber testament to what happens when great powers trample sovereignty and humanity in pursuit of their own ends. The shadows cast on that September morning remain long and unforgotten.