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News ID: 82379
Publish Date : 02 September 2020 - 21:33

This Day in History (13-6-1399)


Today is Thursday; 13th of the Iranian month of Shahrivar 1399 solar hijri; corresponding to 14th of the Islamic month of Muharram 1442 lunar hijri; and September 3, 2020, of the Christian Gregorian Calendar.
1157 solar years ago, on this day in 863 AD, Amr bin Abdullah, known as al-Aqta or the One-Handed, the Emir of Malatya (in southeastern Turkey), was killed in a heroic fight in the Battle of Lalakaon (northeastern Turkey) with a huge Byzantine army that encircled his force of 8,000 Muslims, while he was returning from a successful expedition to the Black Sea port of Amisos. He was a thorn in the Byzantine side for over three decades, opening the way for the spread of Islam in Anatolia.
1112 lunar years ago, on this day in 330 AH, the Iranian scholar, literary figure, and poet, Hussain ibn Hajjaj Baghdadi, was born. He wrote delicate poetry using attractive terms. Most of his poems are in praise of Prophet Mohammad (SAWA) and the Infallible Imams of the Ahl al-Bayt. His verses were compiled in book-form by his famous contemporary, the theologian and literary figure, Seyyed Razi, the compiler of the celebrated book "Nahj al-Balagha”, which is a selection of the sermons, letters and maxims of the Prophet’s vicegerent, Imam Ali (AS).
760 solar years ago, on this day in 1260 AD, the Mamluks of Egypt decisively defeated the Iran-based Ilkhanid Mongols of Hulagu Khan at the Battle of Ain Jalout in Palestine, thus turning the tide against these savage invaders from the steppes of Central Asia. The battle marked the debacle of Mongol power, and was the first time a Mongol army had ever been permanently beaten back in direct combat on the battlefield.
362 solar years ago, on this day in 1658 AD, Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, died at the age of 59, and was succeeded by his incompetent son, Richard Cromwell, who resigned nine months later and fled to Europe in the face of royalist advances from Scotland to restore the monarchy.
268 solar years ago, on this day in 1752 AD, "September 3” never happened, nor the next ten dates ever occurred in Britain and its colonies, including what later became the USA. The Roman era Julian calendar had become 11 days out of step from the solar cycle, making Britain adopt the Gregorian calendar, which moved this day’s date up from Sep 3 to Sep 14. People rioted in the streets thinking the government stole 11 days of their lives. Instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII on the model of Iranian solar hijri calendar, the 365-day Gregorian calendar has an extra day every four years (the leap year) and keeps track of the equinoxes. Russia adopted the Gregorian calendar only in 1918 (31 Jan 1918 was the last Julian date, followed the next day by 14 Feb 1918). Greece was the last country to do it in 1922.
237 solar years ago, on this day in 1783 AD, the American war of independence ended after seven years of fighting with the signing of the Treaty of Paris by Britain and the new country called the "United States of America” made up of the 13 rebellious New England colonies.
178 lunar years ago, on this day in 1264 AH, the prominent Islamic scholar and narrator of Hadith, Seyyed Sadr od-Din Musawi Ameli, passed away in holy Najaf, Iraq at the age of 71, and was laid to rest in the mausoleum of the Commander of the Faithful, Imam Ali ibn Abi Taleb (AS). Born in the Jabal Amel region of Lebanon, while still a child, he migrated to Iraq along with his father, because of persecution by the local Ottoman officials. After mastering theology, jurisprudence and Hadith, he visited Iran at the age of 32 for pilgrimage to holy shrine of Imam Reza (AS) in Mashhad. He then stayed for a year in Qom for higher studies, before settling in Isfahan, where several of his children were born. In the waning years of his life, he returned to Iraq. He has left behind a comprehensive compilation on jurisprudence and its principles. He also has a book on grammar in which he has extensively quoted from the holy Qur’an. His sons and grandsons adopted "Sadr” as the family name, and many of them became prominent religious scholars in Iran and Iraq. Among his great-grandsons, mention could be made of Ayatollah Seyyed Mohammad Baqer as-Sadr who was martyred by Saddam, and Imam Seyyed Musa Sadr, who migrated to Lebanon from Iran and was treacherously martyred in Libya by Mo’ammar Qadhafi.
165 solar years ago, on this day in 1855 AD, US soldiers brutally massacred over a hundred men, women and children of the Sioux Amerindian tribe in Nebraska. The US army was led by General William S. Harney. The US has a sordid record of genocide and has almost exterminated the native Amerindian people.
137 solar years ago, on this day in 1883 AD, the acclaimed Russian novelist, short story writer, and playwright, Ivan Turgenev, died in self-exile in France at the age of 64.
118 lunar years ago, on this day in 1324 AH, the jurisprudent and exegete of the holy Qur’an, Seyyed Abu’l-Qassim Razavi Lahori bin Seyyed Hassan, passed away in Lahore and was laid to rest in this city which is capital of Pakistan’s Punjab State. Born in Kashmir, he was one of the prominent scholars of the undivided Subcontinent and authored several books including "Burhan Shaqq al-Qamar”  which provides us factual and rational proofs of the miracle in making the moon split at an indication of his finger by the Almighty’s Last and Greatest Messenger, Prophet Mohammad (SAWA).
102 solar years ago, on this day in 1918 AD, following the end of World War 1, Damascus, the ancient and historical Islamic city of Syria, was occupied by British troops, as part of the European plot to destroy the Ottoman Empire. Syria and Damascus were handed over to France by the British, and gained independence in 1944 during World War 2.
49 solar years ago, on this day in 1971 AD, the small Qatar Peninsula, jutting into the Persian Gulf from mainland Arabia, emerged as an independent country after 55 years of colonial rule by the British, who had seized it after backing the revolt of the Aal-e Thani tribe against 45 years of Ottoman hegemony (1871-1916). Before the Ottomans, Qatar was until 1868 under occupation of Bahrain’s Aal-e Khalifa pirate-rulers, which had seized this area on the weakening of Iranian power in the Persian Gulf in the late 18th century. Qatar, which along with the eastern coast of Arabia was known as "Greater Bahrain” in history, converted to Islam in 628 AD, when Prophet Mohammad (SAWA), sent his envoy Ala al-Hadhrami to al-Mundhir Ibn Sawa at-Tamimi, the ruler of Bahrain (which extended from the coast of Kuwait to Qatar and its south in what is now Saudi Arabia, including al-Ahsa, as well as the Bahrain Islands). On independence, Qatar joined the United Arab Emirates Confederation, but soon withdrew from it. Qatar presently serves as a base of US intruding forces in the Persian Gulf, and has aligned itself with the illegal Zionist entity, Israel, to fund terrorist groups trying to destabilize Syria.
42 solar years ago, on this day in 1978 AD, the first million-strong demonstration of the Iranian people against the Pahlavi Shah’s despotic regime started. These rallies started from four districts of the capital Tehran on the occasion of Eid al-Fitr and after performing of the Special Eid Prayer. The demonstrators, who were holding pictures of the Father of Islamic Revolution, Imam Khomeini (RA) called for independence and freedom and establishment of the Islamic Republic.
42 solar years ago, on this day in 1978 AD, 40-year old Hojjat al-Islam Ali Awsati, a leading activist against the despotism of the British-installed and US-backed Pahlavi Shah, was martyred by the regime’s forces while returning from the Eid al-Fitr Prayer. A staunch follower of the Father of the Islamic Revolution, Imam Khomeini (RA), his funeral was attended by a huge rally that vented its anger against the regime.
9 solar years ago, on this day in 2011 AD, Iran’s first nuclear power plant was connected to the national power grid for a test run. The power plant in the southern port of Bushehr, with a capacity of 1,000 megawatts, was built with Russian help, after the German and French companies breached their contracts under US pressure on the victory of the Islamic Revolution, leaving work half-finished.
Shahrivar 13: is commemorated every year in honour of the great Iranian Islamic scientist, Abu Rayhan Berouni, who flourished a millennium ago, and authored books on a wide variety of topics. As a follower of the Prophet’s Ahl al-Bayt, he determined the shape of the earth as spherical and revolving around the sun – preceding European scholars by almost half-a-millennium.